Monday, August 24, 2020

U.S. Government / Microsoft Antitrust Essays - Egalitarianism

U.S. Government/Microsoft: Antitrust Ted LowryPolitical Science 101Nathan HicksMarch 02, 1998 U.S. versus Smooth Willy The monetary arrangement of the United States is designed according to the hypothesis of private enterprise. Free enterprise bolsters free endeavor - personal business working without government guideline (Janda 22). The United States regulates private organizations. Once in a while unique conditions emerge which take steps to debilitate the general financial strength of the nation. So as to adequately manage these circumstances, the United States government has passed numerous laws conceding certain gatherings the position to point out and to stop the danger. This is critical as far as its consequences for people. It secures the opportunities of people, keeps up request and strength, and endeavors to advance correspondence. One case of the capacity of the United States government to meddle with the common movement of the American industrialist society, is the presence of antitrust laws. These laws mana ge certain activities of people, trusts, corps, and mixes of corps trying to forestall or persuasively end an imposing business model (Gilbert 21). Since 1989, Microsoft has been more than once blamed for abusing antitrust laws. Ordinarily these allegations have prompted an antitrust argument being recorded against Microsoft. These antitrust laws and claims are critical. In spite of the decisions of the cases, antitrust laws filled their need - to keep up the equalization of the ideas of opportunity, request, and fairness. Opportunity is one of the three primary ideas that legislature must seek after for its kin. Opportunity has two primary settings in which it is utilized which are opportunity of and opportunity from. Opportunity of is the nonappearance of limitations on conduct; it implies opportunity to accomplish something (Janda 10). These kinds of opportunities ensure people certain freedoms, for example, the right to speak freely of discourse, opportunity of religion, opportu nity of the press, and all other common freedoms. These individual freedoms are critical in a popular government. Opportunity from . . . proposes insusceptibility from dread and need. Opportunity from is likewise significant in a majority rules system. It ensures that specific things is impossible to anybody (Janda 10). This is significant in light of the fact that it places restricts on the forces of the legislature. Another obligation that legislature must seek after is looking after request. Request is the standard of law to save life and secure property. Keeping up request is the most established reason for government (Janda A31). There is likewise a third viewpoint related with request. This is a faith in keeping up conventional examples of social connections. Both the safeguarding of life and the assurance of property are sought after in comparative manners. The most widely recognized manners by which the administration endeavors to keep up request are through government enact ment, translation of the law, and requirement of the law. The last part of request is keeping up customary examples of social conduct, additionally called social request. Social request alludes to built up examples of expert in the public eye and to conventional methods of conduct (Janda 20). Social request is, in this way, what society feels is correct. Therefore, social request is to a great extent kept up by the general public being referred to alongside the administration. As the qualities, convictions, thoughts, and so on of a general public step by step change after some time, the social request will change too. Despite the fact that the social request is consistently transforming, it isn't vexed. The standards of the general public change, butthe change is steady. The social request is vexed when there is an abrupt change in some worth, conviction, thought, and so on of countless the individuals inside a general public that is conversely with the standard of the general publi c and makes the entire society overlook the first social request so as to contend and stop the new untraditional qualities, convictions, thoughts, and so forth that restrict the old cultural standard. Request is an idea that applies to all frameworks. A large portion of these frameworks utilize a totally one of a kind method of looking after request. Thus, various territories that people attempt to keep up request inside may have other common approaches to all the more likely keep up its request. This is the reason the administration must buckle down so as to look after request; it must choose whether government mediation is required or in the case of permitting the characteristic course of occasions is fitting to keep up request in the

Saturday, August 22, 2020

social engineering Essay -- essays research papers

Pedophilia in short is the longing of a grown-up for sexual contact with youngsters. Pedophiles have been known to attack youngsters just hours in the wake of being discharged from a long jail sentence. In certain cases, they murder their casualties so as to conceal their wrongdoings. Throughout the years, society has actualized numerous endeavors to contain pedophilia including such measures as imprisonment, treatment, and even emasculation. Not many of these have demonstrated effective. Pedophilia represents a disturbing issue for society, especially the youngsters who are the survivors of the sexual maltreatment. As indicated by Bertrand (2005) â€Å"In the United States, up to 500,000 cases are accounted for every year, and a lot more go unreported. In 1990, this wrongdoing cost over $2 billion - and this figure does exclude psychotherapy for the youngster... social building Essay - expositions inquire about papers Pedophilia in short is the longing of a grown-up for sexual contact with kids. Pedophiles have been known to attack kids just hours subsequent to being discharged from a long jail sentence. In certain occurrences, they murder their casualties so as to conceal their violations. Throughout the years, society has actualized numerous endeavors to contain pedophilia including such measures as detainment, treatment, and even mutilation. Not many of these have demonstrated fruitful. Pedophilia represents a disturbing issue for society, especially the youngsters who are the survivors of the sexual maltreatment. As indicated by Bertrand (2005) â€Å"In the United States, up to 500,000 cases are accounted for every year, and a lot more go unreported. In 1990, this wrongdoing cost over $2 billion - and this figure does exclude psychotherapy for the kid...

Monday, July 20, 2020

Encouragement Story A Group of Frogs

Encouragement Story â€" A Group of Frogs As a group of frogs was traveling through the woods, two of them fell into a deep pit. When the other frogs crowded around the pit and saw how deep it was, they told the two frogs that there was no hope left for them.However, the two frogs decided to ignore what the others were saying and they proceeded to try and jump out of the pit.Despite their efforts, the group of frogs at the top of the pit were still saying that they should just give up. That they would never make it out. Eventually, one of the frogs took heed to what the others were saying and he gave up, falling down to his death. The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could. Again, the crowd of frogs yelled at him to stop the pain and just die.He jumped even harder and finally made it out. When he got out, the other frogs said, “Did you not hear us?”The frog explained to them that he was deaf. He thought they were encouraging him the entire time.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

How does St John Rivers compare to Rochester Essay

Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte Bronte in 1847, it is written in the first-person narrative. The plot follows Jane Eyre through her life from a young age and through the novel the reader sees Jane maturing from a young girl into adulthood, Jane also goes through many emotions and experiences and the book touches on many themes for example love, social class and religion. During the novel Jane encounters two important men and through these men has two proposals of marriage, one from Rochester whom she loves and the other from her cousin St John Rivers. The two men are portrayed very differently, as are their marriage proposals. This essay will compare and contrast St John Rivers and Edward Rochester. Jane had a testing†¦show more content†¦If he had been handsome Jane may have felt herself to be too simple and plain, she may have been embarrassed in his company. Jane had not spent much time with men in the course of her life, up until she was ten she lived with her cousin John Reed who bullied her. She then met Mr Brocklehurst who punished and embarrassed her at Lowood School. As Jane had never spent time in the company of a pleasant man she did not know how to act in the presence of one, Jane was more familiar with men who appear to have power over her, she goes to help Rochester without him asking and calls him sir, from this it appears she believes it is her duty to help him. Jane describes St John Rivers in a very different light; her first description of him is a very pleasant one, one she defines as a gentle description. She discusses him as young, possibly twenty eight or thirty and of a tall and slender build; she claims his face is riveting to the eye, that he has a Greek face and a straight nose ‘His eyes were large and blue, with brown lashes; his high forehead, colourless as ivory, was partially streaked over by careless locks of fair hair.’ Chapter 29. She believes that St John Rivers may be shocked by her plain looks as he was so handsome. Yet she is not shy of him, this could be due to her spending time in Rochester’s company. She has learnt how to be comfortable around men and other people, her self-esteem has grown through being with people whoShow MoreRelatedEssay on An Analysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1431 Words   |  6 Pageslife. Jane Eyre was born an orphan and raised under the hands of a heartless Aunt. Aunt Reed stressed to Jane that she was privileged to live so well without any parents. At a young age, she has to discover the hardships of life. Janes cousin, John Reed, emphasizes to her you are a dependent, you have no money, your father left you none, and you ought to beg (17). With this in mind, Jane Eyre must continue through her early years in life depending on no one but herself. Jane is a wickedRead More Christianity in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1870 Words   |  8 PagesEyre, Bronte supports the theme that customary actions are not always moral through the conventional personalities of Mrs. Reed, Mr. Brocklehurst, and St. John Rivers.    The issue of class is prevalent in the novel. The novel begins in Gateshead Hall when Jane must seat herself away from her aunt and cousins because she does not know how to speak pleasantly to them. She proceeds to seat herself in the breakfast room where she reads a book titled The History Of British Birds. She drawsRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte2164 Words   |  9 PagesHer main goal as a Victorian woman is to become independent, achieve self-fulfillment while finding a voice, and overcome oppression. While Jane Eyre can be read as a feminist novel, it can also be seen as a challenge towards the Victorian era and how Brontà « uses her protagonist to attack some of the issues during this time. Although Jane faces off with individuals in the novel that do not see her as an equal, the point of equality Jane desires is emotion-based, rather than people-based. The relationshipsRead MoreA Dialogue of Self and Soul11424 Words   |  46 Pagesbehind the oppressively scarlet curtain, or to go out into the cold of a loveless world. Her decision is made for her. She is found by John Reed, the tyrannical son of the family, who reminds her of her anomalous position in the household, hurls the heavy volume of Bewick at her, and arouses her passionate rage. Like a ‘rat,’ a ‘bad animal,’ a ‘mad cat,’ she compares him to ‘Nero, Caligula, etc.’ and is borne away to the red-room; to be imprisoned literally as well as ï ¬ guratively. For ‘the factRead MoreThe Colonial Implications in Jane Eyre and Great Expectations3008 Words   |  13 Pagesalongside her possession of colonial wealth and fortunes, which enabled her to marry a white Englishman. In Jane Eyre, this meeting of people and diverse cultures (as represented by the marital union of Rochester and Bertha) is negotiated and guided by colonial and commercial interests, and does not result in an amalgamation of races and cultures. Instead, these racial and cultural differences are used to extend and strengthen colonial edifices and to denote the alterity of self and the Other. ThusRead More From Servitude to Freedom in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay examples2049 Words   |  9 Pagesexperience of containment in dealing with the Reeds. John Reed blatantly smothers Janes space by treating her like a slave, and Mrs. Reed enslaves her in every way. Mrs. Reed treats Jane as a stepchild instead of a niece and oftentimes sides with her children even if Jane is right. For example, in the incident with John Reed, Jane is reading a book about birds and secretly wants to be able to fly away from all of the bad things at Gateshead. When John condemns Jane for reading his books, Mrs. ReedRead MoreSingle Sex vs Mixed School5702 Words   |  23 Pagescoeducational and religious schools are usually single-sex, although there are exceptions. [edit]Orthodox Jews Many  Orthodox Jewish  schools separate the sexes from elementary school and up, while having co-ed schools in preschool, as the preschool age does not suffice any reason for segregation.  [9]  However, in some very ultra-Orthodox schools, gender segregation will start from the very early beginning.[9] [edit]See also ââ€" ª Sex segregation ââ€" ª Mixed-sex education ââ€" ª Mens colleges ââ€" ª Womens collegesRead MoreAutomobile in Bangladesh8267 Words   |  34 PagesSyracuse to Waterloo.2 Automobiles, however, had been seen in Waterloo and Seneca County before 1906. John E. Becker in his A History of the Village of Waterloo states that The Automobile Review of August 13, 1904, gave an extended account of LaRoche’s 3,314 non-stop round-trip run between New York City and St. Louis. Included in this account is this paragraph: â€Å"Between Syracuse and Rochester, at Seneca Falls I think it was, I got stuck in the mud and it took me five hours of hard work to digRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagessound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our dailyRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesdevelopment of Rasta that deï ¬ es the notion that it is a movement of the insane and the misguided. Given the way in which Rastafarianism has arrived in the world, it is useful when someone is able to help us understand its origins and propose how we can then comprehend how it functions in the world today. Again and again, I encounter students who are interested in reggae music and the music of Bob Marley, but they remain deeply puzzled by Rastafarianism because of its seemingly peculiar tenets of faith

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Developing Students With A Diverse Population Of Students

As an educator, there will be multiple opportunities of working with a diverse population of students. The student’s will come from backgrounds of cultural diversity, disabilities, and/or learning skills. As an educator, you do not know the students who are entering your classroom on the first day of school, but it is important to know different strategies and techniques prior to them arriving. While educating Autism students, it is beneficial to recognize the strength and weakness of each student and how you will be able to cooperate the information into your everyday curriculum. In conclusion, in order to successfully teach a student weakness into strength, the educator will focus on seven developments areas to adapt them into their learning instruction. When it comes to teaching, every day is a struggle as you have different personalities you have to incorporate into your lesson plan. Somedays, the lesson will work and other days, you will have to revamp the lesson while te aching. The overall focus is the students understanding of the lesson based on their academic needs and their academic goal. As mention above, there are seven development which affects children with Autism and as an educator is important to create a plan to target each one. In addition, while exampling each development there will be a small strategy on how to apply the weakness and/or strength into a classroom for students diagnosed with Autism. The strategies are: †¢ Cognitive is the ability of aShow MoreRelatedCreating A School Of Diverse Learners. Texas Schools Are1646 Words   |  7 PagesSchool of Diverse Learners Texas schools are becoming more diverse every year. The Texas Tribune (2015) released an article stating well over half of the 5.2 million students in the Texas schools were Hispanic. This number has increased from 15 years ago, when the number was around 40 percent. Not only has the Hispanic numbers increased, but the number of Asian students have doubled as well. Even more surprising is the percentage of the white student population. The number of white students in TexasRead MoreInclusive Curriculum : Education And Inclusive Education769 Words   |  4 Pagesparticularly students with disability have to be segregated in the special schools. However, over the past decades, humanity’s progress has occurred in acknowledging that students with special needs enjoy the same education rights as their peers. Nowadays, this group of student cohort has access to mainstreaming schools and inclusive education. In Australia, today’s classrooms are becoming increasingly dive rse. According to Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA), student diversityRead MoreDistance Education Equity And Developing Nations Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesin Developed and Developing Nations: United Kingdom’s Open University and Indira Gandhi National Open University United Kingdom’s Open University (OU) and Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) are both internationally recognized institutions, utilized as examples through their innovative implementation of global engagement in Distance Education (DE) environments. Each institution faces different challenges in relation to their existence within both developed and developing nations respectivelyRead MorePurpose And Objective Of The Resource Library915 Words   |  4 PagesLibrary The purpose and objective of the resource library is to remove obstacles that may impede students from succeeding while helping to deliver resources to target populations. In attempting to develop resources aimed at assisting the target population counselors must define the demographics of the target group. In defining the demographics counselors must widen the scope of the answer to encompass diverse backgrounds in an effort to maximize services. The resource library has the possibility to increaseRead MoreEssay on Reflection: Education and Culturally Diverse Students634 Words   |  3 Pagesbeliefs, and preferences regarding linguistically and culturally diverse students, families, and communities and learn methods for working together to confirm high levels of learning for all students. Also, strategies for guaranteeing reasonable access to high-quality learning experiences were accessible as well. Moreover, current practices such as cultural responsiveness, anti-bias curriculum , differentiated instruction, and developing academic vocabulary were explored throughout this course as wellRead MoreEssay on English Language Learners and Education951 Words   |  4 Pagesculturally diverse population both educators and families have to find a common ground to ensure that English Language Learners are academically successful. All stakeholders must carefully consider the social cultural impact on an ELL education. The process of raising bilingual learners take more than a language a school and a language learned at home. The transition must have a purpose and a goal. Collaborative Practices of English Language Learners and Schools Educating a student takes aRead MorePersonal Views On Personal Interests1259 Words   |  6 Pagesof an exciting and creative learning environment. These images can leave individuals with a different perception of what true academic structure may be. For American author Gerald Graff, re-developing traditional academic courses to attract personal learning styles is the best way to gain the interest of students and increase their ability to retain knowledge. In contrast, traditional educators argue that learning is best accomplished through academic resources and successfully fulfilling core requirementsRead MoreTexas Schools and DIversity Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pageslarge ethnic distribution of students. Specifically, African American students made up 14.3% of the overall student population; the Hispanic student population was 47.2%; and 34.8% of the student population was White. The smallest groups represented included Native American and Asian/Pacific Islanders with Nati ve American students and teachers representing only 0.3% of students (Texas Education Agency, 2009). According to demographic projections, minority populations are expected to increase significantlyRead MoreReflection On Culture, Ethnicity, And Race905 Words   |  4 PagesREFLECTION ON CULTURE, ETHNICITY, AND RACE No one can deny the fact that United States is rapidly becoming a more culturally and ethnically diverse nation. If the information from The Census Bureau which projects that by the year 2100, the U.S. minority population will become the majority with non-Hispanic whites making up only 40% of the U.S. population is anything to go by, it is clear beyond any reasonable doubt that we need to prepare the coming generations to comfortably embrace this changeRead MoreReflection On Culture, Ethnicity, And Race909 Words   |  4 PagesReflection on Culture, Ethnicity, and Race No one can deny the fact that the United States is rapidly becoming a more culturally and ethnically diverse nation. If the information from The Census Bureau, which projects that by the year 2100, the U.S. minority population will become the majority with non-Hispanic whites making up only 40% of the U.S. population is anything to go by, it is clear beyond any reasonable doubt that we need to prepare the coming generations to comfortably embrace this change

Computer Games †Good or Bad Free Essays

Before we decide whether or not computer/video games are bad, there are many facts and opinions to consider. For example, many people feel that these games are too violent and that they cause an undervelopment in the frontal lobe. Others feel that games are helpful and educational. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Games – Good or Bad or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is also a health concern. According to Professor Ryuta Kawashima, â€Å"The importance of this discovery cannot be underestimated. There is a problem we will have with a new generation of children – who play computer games – that we have never seen before. The implications are very serious for an increasingly violent society and these students will be doing more and more bad things if they are playing games and not doing other things like reading aloud or learning arithmetic. † I do not agree with this statement fully, though I can understand that it does occur in some cases. I love playing computer and video games. When I was younger I used to play a James Bond game with my friends. We also played Mortal Kombat and Street Fighter. I used to love those games, and I remember making them â€Å"turn off the blood† because I ddin’t like that side to it. I still play video games, and though they may include shooting, fighting and other violence, you don’t see me beating up somebody because of a video game. I do know that there are some bad people in the world who have hurt someone because they were influenced by violent games. Another concern is the underdevelopment of the frontal lobe. As written by Tracy McVeigh, education editor, â€Å"Whenever you use self control to refrain from lashing out or doing something you should not, the frontal lobe is hard at work. Children often do things they shouldn’t because their frontal lobes are underdeveloped. The more work done to theicken the fibres connecting the neurons in this part of the brain, the better the child’s ability will be to control their behaviour. The more the area is stimulated, the more these fibres will thicken. † I think I agree with this statement, becasue I have seen the behaviour of the people around me, they seem out of control sometimes. They speak before they think, they fight constantly and are always in other people’s faces. One guy states â€Å"I’m not going to argue that violent entertainment is harmless. I think it has helped inspire some people to real-life violence. I am going to argue that it’s helped hundreds of people for every one it’s hurt, and that it can help far more if we learn to use it well. I am going to argue that our fear of ‘youth violence’ isn’t well-founded on reality and that the fear can do more harm than the reality. We act as though our highest priority is to prevent our children fron growing up into murderous thugs – but modern kids are far more likely to grow up too passive, too distrustful of themselves, too easily manipulated†. I agree more with him than Professor Kawashima, because I don’t find that video games influence EVERYONE to be violent. I feel that they release anger by hurting fictional characters on a screen rathern than real-life people and animals. Professor Angela McFarlane says â€Å"Adventure, quest and simulation type games have a lot of benefit – they’re quite complex and create a context in which children can develop important skills†¦We’re not advocating arcate, shot-the-baddie type games†¦Now that’s interesting when the stereotype is that children play on the computer exclusively on their own. Teachers and parents then broke that down into skills of negotiation, planning, strategic thinking and decision-making. † I feel that if television can teach us, so can video games. Video and computer games can cause health problems. In every instruction book for games there are warnings. Some people suffer from a condition called Photosensitive Epilepsy. As said by Professor Graham Harding, â€Å"Photosensitive epilepsy is best defined as a tendency to recurrent convulsions, precipitated either by flashing lights or patterns. † I have only ever had one fit in my life, when I was younger. I was diagnosed with occipital epilepsy. I’ve always played video games and hadn’t had a problem. We got a PS2 (PlayStation 2) for Christmas last eyar, and while I was playing I felt dizzy. This occured with every game on PS2 except Buzz, though it’s a quiz game and doesn’t have all those flashy graphics. I can play on the Computer, my Nintendo DS and my GameCube without a problem, it seems to just be the PS2. I agree that video games can cause health problems, though if you do everything you need to (e. g. not playing a certain game, having a break etc. you should be alright. Computer games – are they good or bad? In my opinion, I think that they are enjoyable, though they aren’t for some people. Those people who can be so cruel as to murder an innocent kitten or beat up a person due to these games are the reasons why there are doubts about computer and video games. Computer games are both good and bad. Good because they are enjoyable and ca n be educational, though bad because they cause some violence. Just remember, more people kill in the name of God than violent computer games. How to cite Computer Games – Good or Bad, Papers

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Name = Ian Terrell Essays - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

name = Ian Terrell email = [emailprotected] publish = yes subject = Advanced English title = Contrast Between Language of Love in the Balcony Scene and the Language of Death in the Final Scene of _Romeo and Juliet_ papers = In William Shakespeare's _Romeo and Juliet_, Shakespeare introduces many themes that he continues throughout all of his tragedies, including the language of love vs. the language of death. The balcony scene is the most valuable scene illustrating the language of love, whereas in the final scene of the play the language of death is used to set the stage for their suicides, pulling together the tragic ending of the play. Throughout the second scene of Act II, Romeo uses beautiful metaphors and similes to express his affection for Juliet: O, speak again bright angel, for thou art As glorious to this night, being o'er my head As is a winged messenger of heaven.(Rom. II. II, 28-30.) This passage is used to compare Juliet to an angel, somethign that is universally held as sacred and lovely. Elsewhere in the scene there are lines that describe their love for one another, and add to the romantic theme of the scene: And but thou love me, let them find me here. My life better ended by their hate The death prorogued, wanting of thy love.(Rom. II. II, 76-78.) In the final scene of the play, there is much talk of death by Romeo, Friar Laurence, and Juliet. Romeo announces his own demise in his soliloquy: Depart again. Here, here I will remain With worms and chambermaids. O, here Will I set my everlasting rest And shake the yoke of inauspicious stars From this world-wearied flesh. Eyes, look your last! Arms, take your last embrace! And, lips, O you The doors of breath to engrossing death!(Rom. V. III, 108-114.) The Friar's Frantic wrods and actions in conflict to his previous calm stature illustrate the grim mood of the scene: Stay not to question, for the watch is coming. Come, go good Juliet. I dare no longer stay.(Rom. V. III, 158-9.) Both the language of love and the language og death play important roles in the tragedy. They cooperate with light and dark imagery to make the play the masterpiece it is, a play of paradoxes and oxymorons, good and evil, neither one whole without the other. For without love there would be nothing to lose, and without death there would be no way to lose it.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

History And Evolution of Email essays

History And Evolution of Email essays Ask any 10 year old about the invention of the telegraph and theyll tell u the story of Samuel Morse who initiated the telegram era on May 24, 1844, with the lofty message, What hath god wrought! The same may be true of the story of the telephone. Most 6th graders can well recount Alexander Graham Bells telephonic trek into history with the now legendary summons to his assistant on March 10, 1876: Mr. Watson, come here; I want you. Likewise, Im sure they would know all about the blustery day of December 12, 1901, when Guglielmo Marconi and his assistants heard the faint transmission from across the Atlantic: dot, dot, The birth of email, however, was something quite less dramatic and its inventor, almost an unknown. Sent by computer engineer Ray Tomlinson in 1971, the first email was simply a test message to himself. "I sent a number of test messages to myself from one machine to the other," he recalls. "The test messages were entirely forgettable. The email was sent via ARPANET from one computer to another computer sitting right beside it in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Tomlinson had been playing around with two programs called SNDMSG and READMAIL, which allowed users to leave messages for one another on the same machine. He applied the idea behind these programs to a third program called CYPNET, the combined technology allowed people to send and receive files that could be appended between different machines. The message flew via the network between two machines in the same room in Cambridge. The message was QWERTYUIOP - the top alphabetical line on a typewriter keyboard. The first use of network mail, Tomlinson says, announced its own existence. Thus also creating the first piece of what is now known as SPAM or nuisance mail. Tomlinson's new program almost instantly became a must-have application. "After we delivered the en...

Monday, March 2, 2020

The National Youth Leadership Forum Should You Go

The National Youth Leadership Forum Should You Go SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard of the National Youth Leadership Forum (NYLF)? Perhaps you’ve heard that attending the NYLF is a great way to improve your chances of getting into top colleges, and you’re wondering if that’s true or not.Spoiler: If you're considering NYLF because you think it's prestigious, you'd be dead wrong. Keep reading to find out why. This guide will explain what NYLF is, what its benefits and drawbacks are, and how you can decide whether or not you should participate in it. What Is the National Youth Leadership Forum? The National Youth Leadership Forum is a groupof summer programs designed to introduce select high school students to different careers and help prepare them for college and future jobs. NYLF is owned by Envision EMI, a for-profit company that creates and runs numerous other youth leadership programs, such as Lead America, the Congressional Youth Leadership Council, and the National Young Scholars Program. A program similar to NYLF is theNational Student Leadership Conference (NSLC). Like the National Youth Leadership Forum, NSLCruns programs for high school students that are focused on specificcareer fields,but NSLC has more of a focus on developing leadership skills. During NYLF, students live in college dorms at different campuses across the country such as Harvard, Stanford, and NYU. Studentsattend lectures and events on campus or nearby during field trips.NYLF marketstheir programs as a way to givestudents the knowledge and experience they need to succeed in college and their future careers.The National Youth Leadership Forumoffers seven programs for high school students in six career fields: medicine, national security, law CSI, business, engineering, and media. I've briefly described each of them below. NYLF Medicine NYLFmedicine programs are nine days long. They include lectures and meetings with prominent doctors, visits to amedical school campus, hands-on practice with diagnostic tools, and lecturesonhealth carecareers. NYLF Advanced Medicine Health Care NYLFadvanved medicine programs are ten days long. They cover the same information as regular NYLF Medicine programs but are a day longer and only take place at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. NYLF National Security NYLF programs in national security are six days long and help prepare participants for careers in defense, intelligence, and the diplomatic corps. Participants meet with members of the military and federal agencies, visit places such as the Pentagon and U.S. Naval Academy, and learn how to employ a crisis decision-making process. NYLF Law and CSI Programs are six days long and teach students about careers in legal and forensic science fields. Participants hear lectures from prominent lawyers and members of the FBI, visit a courthouse or laboratory and interact with professionals, and take part in a Supreme Court Simulation where they learn about the judicial process and how to argue effectively. NYLF Business Innovation NYLF Business Innovation programs last six days and are designed to teach participants about careers in the business world. Students take part in business workshops and compete in a corporate simulation. NYLF Engineering and Technology These programs last eight days and focus on multiple engineering fields, such as sustainable design, robotics, and web design. Students in this program develop their own digital model and learn about innovative engineering technology. NYLF Media: Advertising, Film, and Journalism During this eight day program, students are introduced to different careers that relate to digital media. Participants produce a digital newspaper or magazine and learn about digital-age reporting. How Do You Apply to NYLF? The first step to applying for an NYLF program is to be nominated ornominate yourself. You may have heard of NYLF because you werenominated as a potential candidate for the program.You can be nominated by a teacher, leader from a youth organization, counselor, or through certain talent development programs. Being nominated only means someone thought you might be a good fit for the program, but it doesn't get you special privileges, and it isn't required to attend NYLF. Ifyou haven’t been nominated, you can still nominate yourself and applyfor the program you are interested in on NYLF’s website. Applying only requires submitting some basic information about yourself and your school. Once you have entered that information you are able to reserve a spotand put down a deposit for the program of your choice. After you enroll, you will receive a confirmation e-mail that will direct you to a website withall the information you need to participate in an NYLF program, such as program updates, pre-conference assignments, and a travel checklist. How Competitive Is NYLF? The National Youth Leadership Forum markets itself as a program exclusivelyfor top students. However, there areno admission criteria for NYLF.Anyone who is currently a high school student can register for and attend an NYLF program. You don't need to have a certain GPA, extracurriculars, or leadership experience. NYLF emphasizes the fact that students must be nominated as a way to show its "competitiveness."However, these nominations are sent to thousands of students eachyear, often regardless of their academic abilities, as a way forNYLF's parent company, Envision, to increase the number of students participating in and paying for its programs. Additionally, being nominated is not required to attend NYLF. Any high school student can nominate himself or herselfand automatically be eligible to enroll inan NYLF program. Despite NYLF's claim to be a prestigiousorganization that only selects top students and leaders, the reality is that the program is open to all high school studentsas long as they arewilling to pay the required costs. NYLF programs can have benefits, which I discuss in more detail in the following sections, but it's important for students and their parents to know that neither being nominated for NYLFnor attending one of itsprograms provesany academic or leadership skills on the part of the student. What Are the Benefits of Participating in NYLF? There can definitely be benefits to attend an NYLF program, and I've listed some of the most important of them below. Benefit 1: Learn About Particular Careers One major benefit of attending an NYLF program is that you can choose a program in the field you want to work in, such as medicine, law, or diplomacy, and gain hands-on experience in that field. For example, if you participate in the NYLF Medicine program, you will observe and speak to doctors, learn about new medical technology, and participate in medical simulations, similar to what actual med students do.These experiences can help you gain skills you can use later on in college and your career, and they give you a taste for what a future career in that field might be like. You may find that you actually don’t like medicine as much as you thought you wouldbut insteaddiscovered another career field that you find really interesting. It’s much better to learn this nowthan halfway through college because switching your major can sometimes delay graduation. Benefit 2: Form New Relationships Each NYLF program includes lectures by industry professionals.These guest lecturers, who are often leaders in their field, speak with students about their career path and the industry in general.Hearing lectures from people in a specific career fieldgives program participants the opportunity to learn more about what a certain career is like and have their questions answered by someone who has a lot of relevant experience. Students also often form personal relationships at NYLFprograms.After spending several days together, many participants return home with new friends who are often interested in the same careers as they are.After the program ends, these friends can provide advice when you are looking at different colleges, majors, and jobs. Benefit 3: Experience College Life Participating in an NYLF program can also introduce you to college and the collegiate life.All NYLF conferences take place on college campuses, with students housed in college dorms. Participating in a program where you live on campus can be very helpful for students who may not know much about college and want to see what it will be like while still in high school. There is also the option of receiving up to two college credits from your NYLF experience.However, students interested in earning college credit should be aware that the credits are pass/fail, they come with an extra fee, and not all colleges will accept credits earned at an NYLF program. What Are the Drawbacks of Participating in NYLF? Despite the benefits of NYLF, they are often not the best investment. I've listed some of the major drawbacks of these programs below. Drawback 1: Programs Are Often Short All NYLF programs are betweensix and ten days long. While this may be long enough to introduce you to a subject and give you some hands-on experience, it’s very difficult to gain much in-depth knowledge in such a short time. Students looking for thorough and detailed knowledge of a particular job or career field will likely not be able to gain the amount of information they’d want from an NYLF program.The short program length can also make it difficult to cultivate strong relationships with both program mentors and other participants. Drawback 2: Costs Despite their short length, NYLF programs have high price tags.Including required program fees,an NYLF program costsroughly between $3000 and $4000 to attend, depending on the program chosen. This program fee includes two meals a day, housing, transportation during the program, and materials. It does not include lunch, transportation to and from the program site, and college credit fees.Paying several thousand dollars for a short program can be difficult for many high schoolstudentsand their families.NYLF does offer some scholarships and tips for fundraising to help offset costs; however, students should expect to pay the entire program fee. It's possible to have the same or similar experiences to those of an NYLF program for a fraction of the cost. This option is discussed in more detail in the following section. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Drawback 3:Not as Exclusive as Marketed The National Youth Leadership Forummarkets itself as a competitive program that only invites and accepts top-notch students.However, Envision, the company that runs NYLF and many similar programs, is a for-profit company.Their goal is to maximize profits, so they want as many students to enroll in their programs as possible. In 2009, Envision hosted Presidential Youth Inaugural Conferences that claimed to offer students the opportunity to attend exclusive events in Washington D.C. Over 15,000 students paid to attend this event, and many were surprised at the number of participants and felt that Envision wasn’t prepared to handle such a large number of students. Many also felt that Envisiondidn’t provide access to all the events they promised students would be able to attend. Numerousstudents and parents filed complaints, and Envision ended up settling a lawsuit and promised to pay up to $17 million in vouchers to attendees of the conference. While NYLF emphasizes the fact that students are â€Å"invited† to attend, any student can apply to NYLFwithout receiving an invitation. In fact, there is no longer any GPA, leadership or academic achievement requirement needed to attend. Any current high school student who can afford the program fee can attend an NYLF program, making it not competitive or prestigious at all. Participating in NYLF is not as prestigious as they want you to think it is. Should You Participate in NYLF? So how useful isNYLF? The short answer is that it depends on why you’re interested in attending. Some people find NYLF programs fun and useful while others see them as expensive resume padding. There are good reasons for participating in the NYLF and reasons that are not as strong. Think carefully about why you are interested in attending and read on to help make your decision. Good Reasons to Attend an NYLF Program You want to learn more about a specific career field. You want to meet students with similar interests. You want to prepare for college. An NYLF program can be a good way to learn about a specific career and gain hands-on experience in it. Attending an NYLF program also gives you an opportunity to meet other students who are interested in the same career field. Sometimes these connections can become lasting friendships. Also, if you are curious or a bit apprehensive about college and want to experience things like living in a dorm and eating in a dining hall, you can do this at an NYLF program. If you are able to afford an NYLF program and one or more of the above reasons interest you, then you may want to consider looking more seriously into enrolling. However, be aware that NYLF programs are not the only way to achieve any of the above goals. If you are unable to attend an NYLF program, there are numerous other ways to have similar experiences. Students who want to learn more about a specific career can do an internship or job shadow, those who want to meet students with similar interests can join a club or volunteer, and those who want to experience college can visit a school they are interested in. Many colleges offer overnight stays in the dorms to students who are thinking aboutattending that school. Weak Reasons for Attendingan NYLF Program While there are certainly strong reasons to participate in an NYLF program, there are also reasons that you should not use to justify attending. I've discussed severalof these weak reasons below, and, for each reason, I've given analternative solutionthat you may want to consider insteadof an NYLF program. Weak Reason 1: You Think It Will Impress Colleges The truth is that having an NYLF program on your resume or college application is not any more impressive than other extracurricular activities, such as participating in the school tennis team or math club. In fact, it may even appear less impressive because you had to pay to participate and weren't accepted based on any skills or knowledge you had. Colleges don’t need to see that you participated in the NYLF in order to decide whether you are smart or a potential leader; they can discern those things just by looking at your grades and extracurricular activities. This is especially true since there are no requirements to participate in NYLF other than being a high school student and being able to afford the program fee. Alternative Idea: Gain expertise and leadership experience through your extracurriculars.If you are looking to increase your chances of getting into college by having strong extracurriculars, choose activities that relate to your interests and allow you to obtain leadership positions. Sticking with an extracurricular, no matter what it is, and acquiring more responsibility is more impressive than a short-term NYLF program because it gives schools a better idea ofyour interests and abilities. If you need help deciding on what activities to do, we have a list of hundreds of extracurriculars for you to browse! Weak Reason 2: You Want an In-Depth Look at a Certain Career While NYLF programs can teach you more about a particularcareer and give you the opportunity to hear lectures and participate in hands-on activities that relate to it, the programs are simply too short to provide thorough knowledge of a certaincareer. Alternative Idea:If you are really looking for a way get comprehensive knowledge on a career, consider doing an internship.Internships are generally several weeks to several months long, and doing onewill give you much more time to learn whata particular job is really like day-to-day. Weak Reason 3: You Want to Network With Professionals The web pagefor each NYLF program contains a list of prestigious guest speakers who have given lectures to previous program participants.While these guest lecturers are often leaders in their field and very knowledgeable, you shouldn’t sign up for an NYLF program thinking it will give you the opportunity to network with them and potentially get an internship or job. Most of the guest lecturers simply give their presentation and answer questions afterward, with pretty much no opportunity for students to speak with them one-on-one. Alternative Idea:If you are interested in getting to know professionals in a certain career field personally, consider an internship orjob shadow. Both of these options offer more opportunities for getting to know current workers, and by working directly with them or observing them, you will be more memorable than if you were simply sitting in the audience. Thiswill make those professionalsmore likely to remember you in the future and possibly recommend you for future jobs. Weak Reason 4: You Want to Earn College Credit While it is possible to earn college credit during an NYLF program, this should not be a primary reason for you to enroll.Through the NYLF, students can earn two pass/fail college credits if they pay an extra fee of several hundred dollars. Most college classes are three credits, so receiving credit for the equivalent of less than one class will not help you graduate college any sooner or give you much of a head start.Additionally, many colleges do not accept these credits because they didn’t take place in a classroom environment and were earned over a short period of time. Alternative Idea:Take classes at your local community college or a nearby university. You can also concentrate on AP/IB classes.If you are interested in earning college credit, you can often earn more credits for much less money by passing AP or IB exams (which many colleges accept as college credit) or by taking classes at a community college. Summary In short, the National Student Leadership Forumcan provide useful and interesting opportunities for high school students, but it isnot better or more impressive than other extracurriculars. While NYLF programs can give participants the opportunity to learn more about certain careers, meet new and interesting people, and experience collegiate life, there are multiple other ways for students to achieve each of these experiences, such as by joining a school club or doing an internship. NYLF programs cost several thousand dollars and this high price tag, along with the fact that the programs last only a few days, shoulddeter people who are interested in gaining in-depth knowledge or developing close relationships.Although NYLF claims to be prestigious and competitive, any high school student can enroll in one of itsprograms, and colleges do not find participating in it to be any more impressive than a normal summer camp or extracurricular. If you can afford it and think that an NYLF program would be useful to you, then consider attending one; many past participants have spoken positively about their experience. However, if you cannot or would rather not participate, don’t worry about it hurting your chances of getting into college or finding a job.There are plenty of ways to get the same benefits that NYLF offers that are likely closer to home and much less expensive. What's Next? Why are extracurriculars so important?Read our guide to learn what extracurricular activities are and how they can help you get into your dream college. Thinking about taking AP classes?Learn which AP classes are the easiest by reading our guide. Want to know what a great extracurricular looks like? Check out these 4 amazing examples of extracurriculars for college applications. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Saturday, February 15, 2020

System Feedback Loops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

System Feedback Loops - Essay Example The archetypes identified here are reinforcing loop and balancing loop. The Balancing Loop attempts to move some current state to a desired or reference state though some Action (Bellinger, 2004). A Gap is produced when the desired state interacts with the current state. When the gap is larger, it means the influence is stronger and produces Action which then causes current state to move towards desired state. According to Bellinger (2004), this is done until the Gap is reduced to zero where there is no more influence toward Action. A Reinforcing Loop is a structure which feeds on itself to produce growth or decline (Bellinger, 2004). State 1 either increases or decreases which influences State 2 to move in the same direction. This structure produces growth or decline, hence, it is reinforcing it. Learning Organizations for NutriSystem The increasing demand for healthy diet in U.S. has an impact in weight loss market. NutriSystem has been a leading provider of weight management. Usin g the system feedback loops, events can be affected by determining the patterns observed in behaviors and desired outcomes. These feedback loops illustrate the interactions between events or states. Based on the example of diabetes cases, many people are diagnosed with diabetes and NutriSystem is aiming at promoting health for diabetics. Sytems Feedback Loops 2 Figure 1 - Reinforcing Loop In this diagram, it shows one example of the relationship between diagnosis for diabetes and the number of potential diabetic customers. The more people who are diagnosed with diabetes, the greater the number of potential diabetic customers are for NutriSystem. In other words, the potential diabetic customers increase when more people are likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. The potential diabetic customers can be predicted because the likelihood of people having diabetes is evident. Getting a diagnosis for individuals is likely to be an outcome of predicted potential diabetic customers who are at high risk due to factors such as pregnancy, pre-diabetes conditions, or trends in sugar intake. In 2011, statistics from National Diabetes Fact Sheet show that there are about 25.8 million or 8.3% of U.S. population that have diabetes. There are 18.8 million people diagnosed with diabetes, 7.0 million who are undiagnosed, and 79 million who have pre-diabetes. There are millions of new cases of diabetes every year (American Diabetes Association, 1995-2011). This System Feedback Loops 3 was become an opportunity for NutriSystem to serve diabetics as they have formed a strategic alliance with American Diabetes Association to promote weight loss for people with Type 2 diabetes. A view of benefits of health and nutrition using NutriSystem can be depicted in the following diagram: Figure 2 – Reinforcing Loop NutriSystem offers over 100 food items designed to combine â€Å"good† carbohydrates, proteins and fats (Pechman, 2011) in addition to glycemic index (GI) prepared meal s for diabetics. They provide customers with home delivery meal program that includes balanced, pre-prepared, and portion-controlled meals. (Pechman, 2011). Demand for products such as that of NutriSystem has increased with the growth of obesity epidemic. System Feedback Loops 4 To make a profit, NutriSystem must target potential customers by using new and improved marketing strategies

Sunday, February 2, 2020

The case of cadmium poisoning in japan Research Paper

The case of cadmium poisoning in japan - Research Paper Example In most zinc ores, this element occurs in minute quantities. Excessive exposure to the Cadmium chemical is the result of Cadmium Poisoning. Human exposure to Cadmium causes damage to the body. The high levels of toxic compounds in Cadmium are dangerous to humans and the environment. If the chemical is taken orally or inhaled, it can cause tremendous health issues for the human body, and there have been numerous reports of fatalities after exposure to the body. Immediately after contact of large amounts of Cadmium with the body, the Cadmium poisoning poses a threat to the body. Small amounts of the chemical do not require much to detox the body. However, according to reports, 10 milligrams of cadmium is dangerous to the body. The most common disease associated with Cadmium is the Itai-itai disease. It is a severe form of chronic Cadmium poisoning, and it is caused by prolonged oral Cadmium ingestion. It harms the body by causing renal and bone injury. During the initial stage, femoral pain and lumbago are present. This pain gradually spreads t hroughout the body. If pressure is applied to the bones, the pain increases. Additional damage to the bones can cause the body to worsen. If the patient is bed-ridden, the body continues to deteriorate. The first study presented in this research analysis of Cadmium Poisoning in Japan is a study on the â€Å"Influence of Drinking and/or Cooking with Jinzu River Water on the Development of Itai-Itai Disease.† The second study is a Comparison between â€Å"Cadmium in Rice and Renal Effects among inhabitants of the Jinzu River Basin.† The third study focuses on the â€Å"Influence of Consumption of Cadmium-Polluted Rice or Jinzu River Water on Occurrence of Renal Tubular Dysfunction and/or Itai-itai Disease.† According to the study on the â€Å"Influence of Drinking and/or Cooking with Jinzu River Water on the Development of Itai-itai Disease,† the authors’ focus was on evaluating the amount

Saturday, January 25, 2020

AIDS/HIV Report :: essays research papers

AIDS...Are You Afraid?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This week when school starts, September 5th, a new child is enrolling. The school will not give out her name but they will give out more personal things for example, she is HIV infected. I was sad for the girl but i was also happy to hear this, because it will educate the kids at Windam Tech. Another reason is that i would enjoy letting this girl to be finally â€Å"let in† for once, and this would also be good for the community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How AIDS entered this world is uncertain ,people have their theories; AIDS came from monkeys, the government nfected people with the virus to control the population, and African Americans brought the virus from Africa. This is only the beginning, people these days think that the virus can be spread through toilet seats or even hugging. This is why we need to educate the people, tell them the truth, you can only get aids through blood, vomit, seman, needles, or vaginal secreations. She will educate the school and the community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It would also be very helpful to this girl who is infected to be â€Å"let in† for once. Not only the girl has fear but her family has fear too. Fear that people will find out and know. As a suriviving sister was furios with her parents because they would not acknowledge to anyone that her brother had AIDS. They told everyone he died from a brain tomor.# This is very important because the last few moments of this girls life should be delightful, not humiliating.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bringing an infected person to the community will be good for it. Over 35,000 people die from AIDS* whic means they have to live somewher, why not here? Imagine the heading on the front page, â€Å" Community of Windham has a special heart†. This could lead to more budget, tax cuts, or

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Difference between capital and revenue items of expenditure and income Essay

Accounting involves any business, company or person recording their financial transactions, such as payments coming in or paying going out. It is very important for a business to record their transactions for a number of reasons: Economic decisions: If a company is going to succeed then it’s needs to be aware of what it can and cannot afford and how the resources available will be effectively used and not put to waste. Inventory: Knowing how much of a product you have can be save you from buying the same product again and wasting money on something you longer need. Stocking up on a certain product that is no longer making sales could make it more prone to damage or theft, therefore making the product un-sellable. By recording the amount of stock you have left you could save money and make a larger profit, this would then further secure the stakeholders you have investing in your business. Monitoring activity: during the process of buying or selling goods mistakes can be made and those mistakes can properly be identified and dealt with if it is kept on a record. Keeping an account of your stock would also prevent theft, damage or loss of property. Also if there are any products exported out to different countries then accounting for which countries buy more products would help you provide more stock for that country to maximize profits. Measuring financial performance: A business needs to know how well they are doing; this can benefit them in a number of ways. If in the first quarter a business is doing well but in the second quarter the profit dips then the problem can easily be assessed and dealt with. However this can only be accomplished if the business keeps a record of the intakes and ou ttakes.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

The Troop Surge in the Iraq War the Iraq Troop Strategies Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The plan for the Troop surge is weighed down with hazards. Some U. S. generals and many experts notify that a short-term surge in forces will not have any long-term effect on the violence in Iraq. It will further worsen the situation as it will result in a remarkable increase in American casualties, just as the number of U. S. forces killed in the Iraq war has topped 3,000. Thus the benchmarks of the success of troop surge in Iraq generated immediate controversy. Mr Bush says, "Those of us who believe the battle in Iraq can and must be won see the satisfactory performance on some of the security benchmarks as a cause for optimism. " The president's prediction was right. Antiwar activist Moira Whelan of the National Security Network makes the following statement. "Even his satisfactory benchmarks fail to demonstrate any real success in Iraq. The overall message here is that the surge is a complete failure. " Those claims in support of the surge entailed Iraqi government benchmarks we re not properly endorsed. This was evident in the following: insurgent bribing could have been accomplished without troop escalation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Troop Surge in the Iraq War: the Iraq Troop Strategies or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Considering the surge, nearly all aspects related to it were debated. During the opening months, high violence rates continued unstopped. The troop escalation, while substantial, only matched the earlier 2005 level. Considered in relation to the nearly 27 million inhabitants, one can also argue that adding only 30,000 United States troops would have an insignificant impact. When the surge began, Sunni Arabs in Baghdad were disarmed. Once disarmed the Shiite militias came in and ethnically cleansed them. Inadvertently, the United States had allowed the chasing of thousands of Sunni Arabs from Baghdad. People lack potable water, cholera has broken out even in the good areas, a third of people are hungry. The government has collapsed The parliament hasn't actually passed any legislation to speak of and often cannot get a quorum. Corruption is endemic. The weapons provided to the troops are sold to the insurgency.